Mean, median and mode explained
"Average" is a single number that sums up a group of values. There are three common kinds, and each tells you something different:
- Mean: add all the values and divide by how many there are. This is what most people mean by "the average".
- Median: the middle value once the list is sorted. Half the values are below it and half above.
- Mode: the value that appears most often. A list can have one mode, several, or none.
The calculator also shows the range, which is the largest value minus the smallest, a quick way to see how spread out the numbers are.
How to calculate the average by hand
Take the numbers 4, 8, 6, 5, 3 and 8.
- Mean: 4 + 8 + 6 + 5 + 3 + 8 = 34, and 34 ÷ 6 = 5.67.
- Median: sorted, the list is 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 8. The two middle values are 5 and 6, so the median is 5.5.
- Mode: 8 appears twice and every other value once, so the mode is 8.
- Range: 8 − 3 = 5.
Which average should you use?
The mean uses every value, which makes it the most common choice, but it is sensitive to outliers. Imagine five salaries of $40,000, $42,000, $45,000, $48,000 and $250,000. The mean is $85,000, yet four of the five people earn less than $50,000. The median, $45,000, describes a typical salary much better.
- Use the mean for values that are fairly evenly spread, like test scores in a class.
- Use the median when there are extreme values, like house prices or incomes.
- Use the mode for the most common choice or size, like the shoe size a store sells most.
Tips for entering data
- Paste directly from Excel, Google Sheets or a text file. Line breaks and tabs are handled automatically.
- Decimals and negative numbers are fine: -2.5, 3.75, 10.
- Anything that is not a number is skipped, and the calculator tells you what was ignored.
- If some values should count more than others, use the weighted average calculator instead.
Last reviewed October 2026.