How long division works
Long division breaks a big division into small steps, one digit at a time. Every step repeats the same four actions:
- Divide: how many times does the divisor fit into the current number?
- Multiply: multiply the divisor by that digit.
- Subtract: take the product away to find what is left over.
- Bring down: bring down the next digit and start again.
A handy memory trick is "Does McDonald's Sell Burgers?" for Divide, Multiply, Subtract, Bring down.
Worked example: 7,865 ÷ 4
- 4 goes into 7 once. 1 × 4 = 4. 7 − 4 = 3.
- Bring down 8 to make 38. 4 goes into 38 nine times. 9 × 4 = 36. 38 − 36 = 2.
- Bring down 6 to make 26. 4 goes into 26 six times. 6 × 4 = 24. 26 − 24 = 2.
- Bring down 5 to make 25. 4 goes into 25 six times. 6 × 4 = 24. 25 − 24 = 1.
The quotient is 1,966 with a remainder of 1, or 1,966.25 as a decimal.
Tips for getting it right
- Keep digits lined up in columns. Graph paper helps.
- Each remainder must be smaller than the divisor. If not, the digit you chose was too small.
- If the divisor does not fit, write a 0 in the quotient before bringing down the next digit.
- Always check: quotient × divisor + remainder = dividend.
Last reviewed October 2026.